International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries | Vol. 17, No. 2, February 2026 | pp. 10–18

DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJMAD/000113

Review Article

Title: Therapeutic Potential of CAR-T Cell Therapies in Autoimmune Pathologies: Current Clinical Trials and Mechanistic Insights

Names of Authors: Elena S. Petrova¹, Hans-Werner Schmidt²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Immunology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; ²Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Abstract: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has altered treatment frameworks within hematological oncology. Recently, this cellular platform has been repositioned to target autoreactive B-lymphocyte populations driving refractory autoimmune diseases. This review synthesizes early clinical trial data and mechanistic frameworks detailing the use of CD19-targeted CAR-T cells in severe, treatment-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and idiopathic inflammatory myositis. Clinical data from pilot cohorts indicate that a single infusion of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells leads to rapid, deep depletion of tissue-resident B cells, achieving complete clinical remission without sustained immunosuppressive maintenance. Systemic disease activity indexes, including the SLEDAI-2K, dropped from a baseline mean of 16.4 ± 2.8 to 0 within 3 months post-infusion. Autoantibody profiles, such as anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), systematically converted to negative. Mechanistic tracking demonstrates that following the clearance of CAR-T cells, newly emerging B cells show a completely naive phenotype with restored immune tolerance, avoiding relapse. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred predominantly at mild grades (Grade 1 or 2 in 72% of cases) and responded well to tocilizumab. CAR-T cell therapies offer a promising pathway for inducing long-term drug-free remission in severe autoimmune pathologies.

Keywords: CAR-T cell therapy, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoimmunity, B-cell depletion, Immune tolerance, Cytokine release syndrome

Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 11, 2025; Revised: December 29, 2025; Accepted: January 14, 2026; Published: February 18, 2026

Citation: Petrova, E. S., & Schmidt, H. W. (2026). Therapeutic Potential of CAR-T Cell Therapies in Autoimmune Pathologies: Current Clinical Trials and Mechanistic Insights. International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries, 17(2), 10–18. doi.org

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries | Vol. 17, No. 1, January 2026 | pp. 1–9

DOI: 10.46882/2026/IJMAD/000112

Original Research Article

Title: Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Matrix Utilizing Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensors

Names of Authors: Rajesh K. Gupta¹, Tariq Al-Saeed², Li-Wei Chen³

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; ³Institute of Microelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Abstract: Traditional continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems rely on transcutaneous electrochemical sensors that cause localized discomfort and carry infection risks. This prospective clinical evaluation assessed the diagnostic accuracy and user compliance of a novel, completely non-invasive wrist-worn CGM device (OptiGLuc-X1) utilizing multi-wavelength near-infrared optical spectroscopy paired with machine learning calibration models. Eighty adult subjects with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were monitored continuously for 14 days. Optical sensor readings were paired with simultaneous venipuncture plasma glucose references taken at 15-minute intervals during structured oral glucose tolerance tests. Clarke Error Grid Analysis demonstrated that 89.4% of the optically generated glucose values fell within Zone A, and 9.8% fell within Zone B, establishing a combined clinically acceptable diagnostic accuracy of 99.2%. The Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD) was calculated at 8.7% ± 1.2% across a wide glycemic range (40–400 mg/dL). Rapid glycemic fluctuations and hypoglycemic events (<70 mg/dL) were accurately detected with a sensitivity of 91.5%. No skin irritation or sensor drift occurred over the 14-day wear period, and user compliance scales averaged 96.4%. Multi-wavelength optical sensors offer a highly accurate, painless alternative for continuous glycemic tracking in diabetic populations.

Keywords: Non-invasive glucose monitoring, Optical spectroscopy, Diabetes mellitus, Clarke error grid, MARD, Wearable biosensors

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 12, 2025; Revised: November 24, 2025; Accepted: December 15, 2025; Published: January 20, 2026

Citation: Gupta, R. K., Al-Saeed, T., & Chen, L. W. (2026). Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Matrix Utilizing Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensors. International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries, 17(1), 1–9. doi.org

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 16 (2), pp. 001-002, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Selenium Concentrations in Schizophrenia Patients

Simmi Kharb¹*, Anjali Sharma¹, A. K. Vohra², Sanjiv Yadav³ and Ishwar Singh³

¹Department of Biochemistry, Pt.BDS PGIMS, M.D. University, Rohtak, India.
²Department of Psychiatry, Pt.BDS PGIMS, M.D. University, Rohtak, India.
³Department of Chemistry, Pt.BDS PGIMS, M.D. University, Rohtak, India.

Accepted 2 August, 2024

Abstract

The present study was conducted with serum of twenty four patients of schizophrenia and twenty healthy volunteers; and selenium (Se) levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum Se levels were significantly increased in schizophrenia patients as compared to healthy controls. Soil content of Se in Rohtak was found to be lower as compared to Haryana state soil Se levels. These findings suggest that low Se levels in schizophrenia patients and soil may have a role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Key words: Selenium, schizophrenia, geographical distribution.
 

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 16 (12), pp. 001-004, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Socio-Demographic Profiles of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Primary Health Centre in Zaria, Nigeria

Ogboi S. J.¹*, Idris S. H.¹, Olayinka A. T.² and Ilyas Junaid¹

¹Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
²Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Accepted 22 of September, 2024

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the killer diseases of great antiquity especially in developing countries and so contributes significantly to health instability and economic loss. The directly observed treatment (DOT) course is the recommended standard of care in treatment of tuberculosis worldwide and its key elements lie in making the diagnosis. The study was aimed at examining the socio-demographic characteristics of patients presenting at a primary health care centre in Zaria, North- Western Nigeria. The records of all suspected cases of tuberculosis seen at Sabon-Gari Comprehensive Health Centre Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria between May, 2005 - 2006 were scrutinized and reviewed. The main variables studied were age, education, occupational and educational status. A total of 694 case records were reviewed comprising of 58.4% of males and 41.6% females with a mean age of 32.78 years ± 15.10. The proportion of sputum smear positive samples was 12% with high pronderance of smear positive cases in the age group 20 - 29 years. There was statistically significant association between sex (x2 =52 df = 1 p < 0.05) educational status (x2 = 10.24 df = 4 p < 0.05) occupational status (x2 = 19.2 df = 5 p < 0.05) and the very likely chance of detecting AFB in sputum. The study revealed that most of the patient presenting with tuberculosis are in the productive age with unemployment and low literacy level serving as potent risk factors for tuberculosis in the study area. There was a positive relationship between sputum positive, unemployment, education and occupational status (socio-demographic characteristics). There is the need for National tuberculosis and leprosy control programme (NTLCP) to take cognizance of socio-demographic factors in designing an efficient TB control programme in Nigeria.

Key words: Tuberculosis, socio-demographic characteristics, age, occupation, educational status.
 

International Journal of Medical Advances and Discoveries ISSN 2756-3812 Vol. 16 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The Impact of Thalidomide on Complement Activation by Mycobacterium leprae: An In Vitro Study

E. J. Shannon*, F. G. Sandoval and M. J. Morales

US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, National Hansen’s Disease Programs, Laboratory Research Branch, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Accepted 5 September, 2024

Abstract

One inflammatory event that may be involved in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is the activation of complement, and thalidomide could suppress ENL by inhibiting its activation. To determine if thalidomide inhibits the activation of complement, we first incubated normal serum with Mycobacterium leprae or with zymosan in the presence of thalidomide. Residual functional complement was then determined by defining the dilution of the serum required to lyses 50% of the rabbit antibody sensitized sheep cells (CH50 Assay). Zymosan and M. leprae activated complement. The CH50 values in the serum incubated with M. leprae or with zymosan were equivalent to the CH50 values in the serum incubated with M. leprae or zymosan in the presence of thalidomide. Thalidomide did not disrupt the activation of complement by zymosan, a know initiator of complement activation by the alternative pathway, or by M. leprae.

Key words: ENL, thalidomide, complement.